Uregelmæssige udsagnsord (Irregular verbs)

Her er samlet en ret komplet liste med uregelmæssige engelske verber, dog kan der være smuttet et par stykker. Hvis der mangler nogle i listen, så giv endelig besked. Ofte kan både en uregelmæssig og en regelmæssig bøjning bruges, hvilket i tabellen er markeret ved at begge former er medtaget. En uddybende artikel om de uregelmæssige verber, vil blive bragt senere på bloggen.
- A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z -

Uregelmæssige verber / Irregular verbs
Navnemåde / Infinitive	Datid / Simple Past	Kort tillægsform / Past Participle
- A -
abide	abided / abode	abided
alight	alighted / alit	alighted / alit
arise	arose	arisen
Awake	awakened / awoke	awakened / awoken
-	-	-
- B -
backbite	backbit	backbitten
backslide	backslid	backslidden / backslid
be [ am, is, are]	was, were	been
bear	bore	born / borne
beat	beat	beaten / beat
become	became	become
befall	befell	befallen
beget	begat / begot	begotten
begin	began	begun
behold	beheld	beheld
bend	bent	bent
bereave	bereaved / bereft	bereaved / bereft
beseech	besought / beseeched	besought / beseeched
beset	beset	beset
bestrew	bestrewed	bestrewn / bestrewed
bet	bet / betted	bet / betted
betake	betook	betaken
bethink	bethought	bethought
bid (farewell)	bid / bade	bidden
bid (offer amount)	bid	bid
bind	bound	bound
bite	bit	bitten
bleed	bled	bled
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast / broadcasted	broadcast / broadcasted
browbeat	browbeat	browbeaten / browbeat
build	built	built
burn	burned / burnt	burned / burnt
burst	burst	burst
bust	busted / bust	busted / bust
buy	bought	bought
-	-	-
- C -
cast	cast	cast
catch	caught	caught
chide	chided / chid	chided / chidden
choose	chose	chosen
clap	clapped / clapt	clapped / clapt
cling	clung	clung
clothe	clothed / clad	clothed / clad
colorbreed	colorbred	colorbred
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
creep	crept	crept
crossbreed	crossbred	crossbred
cut	cut	cut
-	-	-
- D -
dare	dared / durst	dared / durst
daydream	daydreamed / daydreamt	daydreamed / daydreamt
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
dight	dighted / dight	dighted / dight
disprove	disproved	disproved / disproven
dive	dove / dived	dived
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamed / dreamt
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
dwell	dwelt / dwelled	dwelt / dwelled
-	-	-
- E -
eat	ate	eaten
enwind	enwound	enwound
-	-	-
- F -
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fit	fitted / fit	fitted / fit
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung	flung
fly	flew	flown
forbear	forbore	forborne
forbid	forbade	forbidden
fordo	fordid	fordone
forecast	forecast	forecast
forego	forewent	foregone
foreknow	foreknew	foreknown
forerun	foreran	forerun
foresee	foresaw	foreseen
foreshow	foreshowed	foreshown / foreshowed
forespeak	forespoke	forespoken
foretell	foretold	foretold
forget	forgot	Forgotten / Forgot
forgive	forgave	forgiven
forgo	forwent	forgone
forsake	forsook	forsaken
forswear	forswore	forsworn
fraught	fraught	fraught
freeze	froze	frozen
frostbite	frostbit	frostbitten
-	-	-
- G -
gainsay	gainsaid	gainsaid
get	got	gotten / Got
gild	gilded / gilt	gilded / gilt
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grind	ground	ground
grow	grew	grown
-	-	-
- H -
hagride	hagrode	hagridden
halterbreak	halterbroke	halterbroken
hamstring	hamstrung	hamstrung
Hand-feed	Hand-fed	Hand-fed
handwrite	handwrote	handwritten
hang	hung	hung
hang (Hanging somebody)	hanged / hung	hanged / hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
heave	heaved / hove	heaved / hove
hew	hewed	hewn / hewed
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
-	-	-
- I -
inbreed	inbred	inbred
inlay	inlaid	inlaid
input	input / inputted	input / inputted
inset	inset	inset
interbreed	interbred	interbred
intercut	intercut	intercut
interlay	interlaid	interlaid
interset	interset	interset
interweave	interwove / interweaved	interwoven / interweaved
interwind	interwound	interwound
inweave	inwove / inweaved	inwoven / inweaved
-	-	-
- J -
Jerry-build	Jerry-built	Jerry-built
-	-	-
- K -
keep	kept	kept
kneel	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled
knit	knitted / knit	knitted / knit
know	knew	known
-	-	-
- L -
lade	laded	laden / laded
landslide	landslid	landslid
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
lean	leaned / leant	leaned / leant
leap	leaped / leapt	leaped / leapt
learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie	lay	lain
lie (Not true)	lied	lied
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted
Lip-read	Lip-read	Lip-read
loselose	lost	lost
-	-	-
- M -
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
misbecome	misbecame	misbecome
miscast	miscast	miscast
miscut	miscut	miscut
misdeal	misdealt	misdealt
misdo	misdid	misdone
mishear	misheard	misheard
mishit	mishit	mishit
mislay	mislaid	mislaid
mislead	misled	misled
mislearn	mislearned / mislearnt	mislearned / mislearnt
misread	misread	misread
missay	missaid	missaid
missend	missent	missent
misset	misset	misset
misspeak	misspoke	misspoken
misspell	misspelled / misspelt	misspelled / misspelt
misspend	misspent	misspent
misswear	misswore	missworn
mistake	mistook	mistaken
misteach	mistaught	mistaught
mistell	mistold	mistold
misthink	misthought	misthought
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood
miswear	miswore	misworn
miswed	miswed / miswedded	miswed / miswedded
miswrite	miswrote	miswritten
mow	mowed	mowed / mown
-	-	-
- N -
-	-	-
- O -
offset	offset	offset
outbid	outbid	outbid
outbreed	outbred	outbred
outdo	outdid	outdone
outdraw	outdrew	outdrawn
outdrink	outdrank	outdrunk
outdrive	outdrove	outdriven
outfight	outfought	outfought
outfly	outflew	outflown
outgrow	outgrew	outgrown
outlay	outlaid	outlaid
outleap	outleaped / outleapt	outleaped / outleapt
outlie	outlied	outlied
output	output / outputted	output / outputted
outride	outrode	outridden
outrun	outran	outrun
outsee	outsaw	outseen
outsell	outsold	outsold
outshine	outshined / outshone	outshined / outshone
outshoot	outshot	outshot
outsing	outsang	outsung
outsit	outsat	outsat
outsleep	outslept	outslept
outsmell	outsmelled / outsmelt	outsmelled / outsmelt
outspeak	outspoke	outspoken
outspeed	outsped	outsped
outspend	outspent	outspent
outspin	outspun	outspun
outspring	outsprang / outsprung	outsprung
outstand	outstood	outstood
outswear	outswore	outsworn
outswim	outswam	outswum
outtell	outtold	outtold
outthink	outthought	outthought
outthrow	outthrew	outthrown
outwear	outwore	outworn
outwind	outwound	outwound
outwrite	outwrote	outwritten
overbear	overbore	overborne / overborn
overbid	overbid	overbid
overbreed	overbred	overbred
overbuild	overbuilt	overbuilt
overbuy	overbought	overbought
overcast	overcast	overcast
overcome	overcame	overcome
overcut	overcut	overcut
overdo	overdid	overdone
overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn
overdrink	overdrank	overdrunk
overeat	overate	overeaten
overfeed	overfed	overfed
overhang	overhung	overhung
overhear	overheard	overheard
overlay	overlaid	overlaid
overleap	overleaped / overleapt	overleaped / overleapt
overlie	overlay	overlain
overpay	overpaid	overpaid
override	overrode	overridden
overrun	overran	overrun
oversee	oversaw	overseen
oversell	oversold	oversold
overset	overset	overset
oversew	oversewed	oversewn / oversewed
overshoot	overshot	overshot
oversleep	overslept	overslept
oversow	oversowed	oversown / oversowed
overspeak	overspoke	overspoken
overspend	overspent	overspent
overspill	overspilled / overspilt	overspilled / overspilt
overspin	overspun	overspun
overspread	overspread	overspread
overspring	oversprang / oversprung /	oversprung
overstand	overstood	overstood
overstrew	overstrewed	overstrewn / overstrewed
overstride	overstrode	overstridden
overstrike	overstruck	overstruck
overtake	overtook	overtaken
overthink	overthought	overthought
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown
overwear	overwore	overworn
overwind	overwound	overwound
overwrite	overwrote	overwritten
-	-	-
- P -
partake	partook	partaken
pay	paid	paid
plead	pleaded / pled	pleaded / pled
prebuild	prebuilt	prebuilt
predo	predid	predone
premake	premade	premade
prepay	prepaid	prepaid
presell	presold	presold
preset	preset	preset
preshrink	preshrank	preshrunk
presplit	presplit	presplit
proofread	proofread	proofread
prove	proved	proven / proved
put	put	put
-	-	-
- Q -
Quick-freeze	Quick-froze	Quick-frozen
quit	quit / Quitted	quit / Quitted
-	-	-
- R -
read	Read	Read
reawake	reawoke	reawaken
rebid	rebid	rebid
rebind	rebound	rebound
rebroadcast	rebroadcast / rebroadcasted	rebroadcast / rebroadcasted
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt
recast	recast	recast
recut	recut	recut
redeal	redealt	redealt
redo	redid	redone
redraw	redrew	redrawn
reeve	reeved / rove	reeved / rove
refit	refit / refitted	refit / refitted
regrind	reground	reground
regrow	regrew	regrown
rehang	rehung	rehung
rehear	reheard	reheard
reknit	reknitted / reknit	reknitted / reknit
relay (E.g. tiles)	relaid	relaid
relearn	relearned / relearnt	relearned / relearnt
relight	relit / relighted	relit / relighted
remake	remade	remade
rend	rent / rended	rent / rended
repay	repaid	repaid
reread	reread	reread
rerun	reran	rerun
resell	resold	resold
resend	resent	resent
reset	reset	reset
resew	resewed	resewn / resewed
retake	retook	retaken
reteach	retaught	retaught
retear	retore	retorn
retell	retold	retold
rethink	rethought	rethought
retread	retread	retread
retrofit	retrofitted / retrofit	retrofitted / retrofit
rewake	rewoke / rewaked	rewaken / rewaked
rewear	rewore	reworn
reweave	rewove / reweaved	rewoven / reweaved
rewed	rewed / rewedded	rewed / rewedded
rewet	Rewet / Rrewetted	Rewet / Rrewetted
rewin	rewon	rewon
rewind	rewound	rewound
rewrite	rewrote	rewritten
rid	rid	rid
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
rive	rived	riven / rived
roughcast	roughcast	roughcast
run	ran	run
-	-	-
- S -
Sand-cast	Sand-cast	Sand-cast
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
Self-feed	Self-fed	Self-fed
Self-sow	Self-sowed	Self-sown / self-sowed
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed
shake	shook	shaken
shave	shaved	shaved / shaven
shear	sheared	sheared / shorn
shed	shed	shed
shine	shined / shone	shined / shone
shit	Shit / Shat / shitted	Shit / Shat / shitted
shoe	shoed / shod	shoed / shod
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown / showed
shrink	shrank / shrunk	shrunk
shrive	shrived / shrove	shriven
shut	shut	shut
Sight-read	Sight-read	Sight-read
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank / sunk	sunk
sit	sat	sat
skywrite	skywrote	skywritten
slay	slew / slayed	slain / slayed
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
sling	slung	slung
slink	slinked / slunk	slinked / slunk
slit	slit	slit
smell	smelled / smelt	smelled / smelt
smite	smote	smitten / smote
Sneak	sneaked / snuck	sneaked / snuck
sow	sowed	sown / sowed
speak	spoke	spoken
speed	sped / speeded	sped / speeded
spell	spelled / spelt	spelled / spelt
spend	spent	spent
spill	spilled / spilt	spilled / spilt
spin	spun	spun
spit	spit / Spat	spit / Spat
split	split	split
spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoiled / spoilt
Spoon-feed	Spoon-fed	Spoon-fed
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang / sprung	sprung
Stall-feed	Stall-fed	Stall-fed
stand	stood	stood
stave	staved / stove	staved / stove
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
stink	stunk / stank	stunk
strew	strewed	strewn / strewed
stride	strode	stridden
strike (Erase)	struck	stricken
strike (Hit)	struck	struck / stricken
string	strung	strung
strip	stripped / stript	stripped / stript
strive	strove / strived	striven / strived
sublet	sublet	sublet
sunburn	sunburned / sunburnt	sunburned / sunburnt
swear	swore	sworn
sweat	sweat / sweated	sweat / sweated
sweep	swept	swept
swell	swelled	swollen / swelled
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
-	-	-
- T -
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
telecast	telecast	telecast
tell	told	told
Test-drive	Test-drove	Test-driven
Test-fly	Test-flew	Test-flown
think	thought	thought
thrive	thrived / throve	thrived / thriven
throw	threw	thrown
thrust	thrust	thrust
tread	trod	trodden / trod
troubleshoot	troubleshot	troubleshot
typecast	typecast	typecast
typeset	typeset	typeset
typewrite	typewrote	typewritten
-	-	-
- U -
unbear	unbore	unborn / unborne
unbend	unbent	unbent
unbind	unbound	unbound
unbuild	unbuilt	unbuilt
unclothe	unclothed / unclad	unclothed / unclad
underbid	underbid	underbid
underbuy	underbought	underbought
undercut	undercut	undercut
underfeed	underfed	underfed
undergo	underwent	undergone
underlay	underlaid	underlaid
underlet	underlet	underlet
underlie	underlay	underlain
underrun	underran	underrun
undersell	undersold	undersold
undershoot	undershot	undershot
underspend	underspent	underspent
understand	understood	understood
undertake	undertook	undertaken
underthrust	underthrust	underthrust
underwrite	underwrote	underwritten
undo	undid	undone
undraw	undrew	undrawn
unfreeze	unfroze	unfrozen
unhang	unhung	unhung
unhide	unhid	unhidden
unhold	unheld	unheld
unknit	unknitted / unknit	unknitted / unknit
unlade	unladed	unladen / unladed
unlay	unlaid	unlaid
unlearn	unlearned / unlearnt	unlearned / unlearnt
unmake	unmade	unmade
unreeve	unreeved / unrove	unreeved / unrove
unsay	unsaid	unsaid
unsew	unsewed	unsewn / unsewed
unsling	unslung	unslung
unspin	unspun	unspun
unstick	unstuck	unstuck
unstring	unstrung	unstrung
Unswear	unswore	unsworn
unteach	untaught	untaught
unthink	unthought	unthought
unweave	unwove / unweaved	unwoven / unweaved
unwind	unwound	unwound
unwrite	unwrote	unwritten
uphold	upheld	upheld
upset	upset	upset
-	-	-
- V -
vex	vexed / vext	vexed / vext
-	-	-
- W -
wake	woke / waked	woken / waked
waylay	waylaid	waylaid
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove / weaved	woven / weaved
wed	wed / wedded	wed / wedded
weep	wept	wept
wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn
withhold	withheld	withheld
withstand	withstood	withstood
wring	wrung	wrung
write	wrote	written
-	-	-
- X -
-	-	-
- Y -
-	-	-
- Z -
-	-	-
-	-	-

Udvidet form af navneordet i nutid (Present continuous)

Present continuous (Udvidet form i nutid)

Et almindeligt problem når danskere lærer engelsk er deres overforbrug af den udvidede nutidsform altså present continuous eller -ing formen som den også kaldes. En af grundene kan være den udbredte brug af hjælpeverber (auxiliary verbs) på engelsk, eller i det mindste et omfang som langt overstiger brugen på dansk.
Helt kort bruges den udvidede form, når noget finder sted lige her og nu, eller i en igangværende periode. Den simple form bruges til at tale om noget generelt eller permanent. Denne korte sondring mellem de to, vil blive udbygget i det følgende.

Den udvidede nutidsform present continuous

Den udvidede form bruges som sagt om noget der er ved at ske i øjeblikket, eller mere præcist gælder det at present continuous bruges:

• om noget jeg gør lige nu, noget jeg er igang med,
• om noget jeg er begyndt på og stadig ikke er færdig med, altså også noget der strækker sig over tid, men som jeg ikke konkret udfører lige nu,
• om perioder omkring nuet, fx i hovedparten af sætninger med today, this week, this year etc.
• om forandring der sker i tiden umiddelbart omkrig tidspunktet for udtalelsen, fx med verberne get, change, become, increase, rise, fall, grow, improve, begin og start.

Eksempler på ting der sker her og nu:

Let's go outside. The sun is shining. (ikke: The sun shines.)
I am trying to work, will you please keep it down? (ikke: I try to work,)
I need something to eat. I am starving. (ikke: I starve.)

Når det kommer til ting, hvor vi er midt i en process, bruges også present continuous selvom det ikke er en aktivitet der udføres her og nu. Fx:

I am reading a really good book at the moment. (Når folk beretter dette, holder de ikke bogen i hånden, men er tidligere gået igang med en bog, som de endnu ikke har læst færdig.)

I am learning English at the moment. (Her forståes det at det er en der er igang med at lære engelsk, men ikke nødvendigvis i denne samtale.)

Når vi taler om perioder der ligger omkring nuet, kan vi også bruge den udvidede form af udsagnsordet i nutid. Fx:

You have been working hard this week. (ikke: You work hard this week)
I am not doing so well today. (ikke: I do not do well today.)
We are really getting along these days.

Og sidst men ikke mindst bruges den udvidede form af udsagnsordet i nutid når der er tale om forandringer der sker lige omkring det nu der tales i.

The inflation rate is becoming a real problem.
Your English is getting better.
I really did not like Spanish at first, but I am beginning to like it now. 

Simple present eller continuous present

Typiske problemer, hvor mening ændrer sig i forvirringen om brugen af den simple eller udvidede form af udsagnsordet i nutid, har ofte at gøre med om noget er permanent (som det altid er), eller at det ofte forholder sig på en bestemt måde.
Når vi bruger simple present, er det givet at det er sådan det forholder sig hver gang, fx:

I always go to school by car. (ikke: I am always going to school by car.)

Hvis den udvidede form bruges i ovenstående, siger man ikke at man altid tager bilen til skolen, som i hver gang man skal afsted. Istedet kan der, alt efter udtalen af sætningen, være tale om: 1) En der bebrejder sig selv for ofte eller i for høj grad at bruge bilen som transportmiddel til arbejdspladsen. Altså en der selv mener at frekvensen er for høj, men ikke en der tager bilen hver eneste gang. 2) En der hele tiden er på vej til skolen i sin bil. Hvilket bare er en gang vrøvl.
Ad 1) fra overstående eksempel, ser vi også at der i brugen af den udvidede form kan være tale om en bebrejdende attitude overfor en handling der udføres mere end den burde udføres. Fx:
You are always playing computergames, you should get out more. (Henvendt til en der spiller mere end taleren mener godt er.)
He is always loosing his glasses. (Om en der ofte, eller mere end normalt, mister sine briller.)
Danske studerende har en tendens til at overforbruge den udvidede form. Dette er ikke et kæmpe problem i samtaler med englændere, da de ofte ville kunne gennemskue hvad meningen med sætningen er, ud fra konteksten Dog kan det i enkelt situationer blive problematisk, samtidigt med at sproget ikke bliver så præcist som man ofte selv ønsker det.